Electrical vaporizer and burner



N. D. BELINSKI.

ELECTRICAL VAPORIZER AND BURNER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1919.

1,375,646 Patented Apr. 19, 1921.-

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Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

APPLiCATION FILED MAY14, 1919.

gy ATTORNEYS N. D. BEUNSKI, ELECTRICAL VAPORIZER AND BUR NER. APPUCATION111.1511 MAY 14, 1919.

Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET s.

W//VESSES Maw #ffy /W UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NICHOLAS D. BELINSKI, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRICAL VAPORIZER AND BURNER.

Application filed May 14, 1919. Serial No. 297,051.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, NICHOLAS D. Bn- LINSKI, a citizen of Poland, andformerly a resident of Varsaw, Poland, at present residing in the cityof New York borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York,have invented a new and improved Electrical Vaporizer and Burner, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines, and its object isto provide a new and improved -electrical vaporizer and burner arrangedto convert liquid fuel into a Superheated burning vapor at the time ofits passage into the working chamber of an engine cylinder. Anotherobject is to render the engine self-starting.

Vith these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainnovel features of construction, as hereinafter shown and described andthen speciiically pointed out in the claims.

A practical embodiment o' the invention is represented in theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this speciiication, in whichsimilar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all theviews.

Figure l is a sectional side elevation of the improved vaporizer andburner as applied to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of the lower por tion of the electricalvaporizer and burner with parts in a different position;

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of the electrical heater, the sectionbeing on the line 3-3 oit' Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the same, the sectionbeing on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the improvedvaporizer and burnery as applied;

Fig. 6 is a similar view of the lower portion of the same with thecombined electrode and valve in open position;

Fig. 7 is a sectional side elevation of an other modified form of theelectricalvaporizer and burner;

Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of the lower portion of the samewith parts in different position;

Fig. 9 is a sectional side elevation of' another modifled form of theimproved electrical vaporizer and burner; and

Fig. l0 is a sectional side elevation of the lower portion of the samewith the parts in a different position.

The cylindrical body 20 of the electrical vaporizer and burner lits intoan opening 2l formed in the wall or head 22 of the cylinder of aninternal combustion engine, and the outer end of the said body isprovided with a flange 23 engaged by bolts 24 screwing into the wall orhead 22 to securely fasten the valve body 20 in position on thecylinder. A combined electrode and Valve 'seat 25 is arranged centrallybelow the lower end of the valve body 2O and on it is normally seated acombined electrode and valve.

26. The electrode and valve seat 25 and the electrode and valve 26 arepreferably made conical with corrugated portions 27 and 28 intermediatethe apex and base ends, as plainly indicated in Figs. l and 2. The apexend of the combined electrode and valve seat 25 is provided with atubular stem 29 screwing into a collar 30 seated on a ring 3l of aninsulating material and resting on a shoulder 32 formed by concentricbores 33 and 34 arranged in the body 20. The central portion 40 of thecombined electrode and Valve 26 is attached to the lower threaded end 41of a valve stem 42 by the use of a nut 43 screwing on the threaded end4l. The valve stem 42 extends centrally through a guiding tube 45, thelower end' 46 of which terminates on the apex end of the combinedelectrode and valve 26. When the combined electrode and valve 26 movesinto an open position, as shown in Fig. 2, then a combined passage andspark gap 47 is formed between the combined electrode and valve seat 25and the combined electrode and valve 26. The lower end 46 of the tube 45is held spaced from the stem 29 by an insulating washer 48. The tube 45is provided with a ring collar 50 seated on a. ring 5l resting on top ofthe stem 29 and the collar 50 is engaged by a ring nut 52 of insulatingmaterial and held in the upper portion of the collar 30. The sleeve nut53 screws in the collar 30 to hold the ring nut 52 securely in placethus fastening the tube 45 in position. It is understood that the stem42 is somewhat smaller in diameter than the interior diamthreaded end 57of the stem 42 whereby the spring 55 normally holds the combinedelectrode and valve26 in contact with the combined electrode and valveseat 25. On the upper threaded end of the tube 45 screws a cap 58inc-losing the spring 55, and the upper end of the cap 58 is providedwith a nipple 59 connected by a coupling nut 6() with a section 61 ofthe feed pipe 62 connected with a pump or other suitable source ofliquid fuel supply. rl`he feed pipe section 61 isconnected with the feedpipe 62 by a coupling 63 of insulating material. The nipple 59 of thecap 58 is connected with a contact 65 of an electrical circuit wire 66connected with a suitable source of electrical energy' 67 electricallyconnected by a wire 68 with the cylinder wall or head 22 and hence withthe body 20. The cap 58 rests on a collar 69 of an insulating materialheld on a plug 70 screwing into the upper end of the bore 34 of the body20.

Between the lower end of the body 2O and the combined electrode andvalve seat 25 is arranged an electrical heater 80 for heating thecombined electrode and valve seat 25,` and by contact with the latterthe combined electrode and valve 26, to convert the liquid fuel into ahighly heated vapor which on passing through the combined passage andspark gap 47 is ignited by the spark between the lower ends of the saidcombined electrode and valve seat 25 and the combined electrode andvalve 26. rlhe electrical heater 8O is preferably constructed asfollows: On the corrugated portion 27 of the combined electrode andvalve seat 25 is seated a copper ring 81 provided at its inner edge withan upwardly extending flange l82. On the top of the ring 81 is placed aring 83 of mica or other similar material, on which is arranged aspirally shaped heating member 84, preferably ofl platinum, and on whichis superimposed another ring 85 of mica or other insulating material,and on top of the ring 85 is arranged a ring 86 provided with anupwardly extending flange. 87 fitting into a recess 88 arranged on theunder side of the body 20. One end 89 of the heating member 84 is incontact with the copper ring` 81, and the other end 90 of the saidheating member 84 is in contact with the metallic ring 86 thusestablishing an electrical connection between the body 2O and thecombined electrode and valve seat 26 and with the heat-- ing member 84forming part of the connection. A non-heat conducting material 91 isarranged on the ring 86 to provide a heat insulation between the body 20and the heating element 84.

The operation is as follows:

Normally the combined electrode and valve. 26 is held in contact withthe combined electrode and valve seat 25 by the action of the spring 55pressing upward on the stem 42 of the combined electrode and valve 26.l/Vhen the parts are in this normal position the electrical circuit isclosed and hence the electrical heater 8O heats the combined electrodeand valve seat 25 and the combined electrode and valve 26. lVhen aliquid fuel is forced through the feed pipe 62 into the cap 58 and downthrough the tube 45 against the apex end of the combined electrode andvalve 26 then the latter is moved downward by the force of the fluid andconsequently the combined electrode and valve 26 moves into openposition to allow the fluid to pass into the passage 47 to be highlyheated and consequently converted into a vapor which on leaving thepassage 47 is ignited by the spark at the lower end of the combinedelectrode and valve seat 25 and the combined electrode and valve 26.4Thus the vapor is ignited on its entrance into the working chamber ofthe engine cylinder to act-nate the piston therein and thus start theengine. The heat developed in the working chamber by the burning fuelheats the combined electrode and valve seat 25 and the combinedelectrode and valve 26 thus requiring a comparatively little heat fromthe heater for converting the liquid fuel into a highly heated vapor.

It will be noticed that when the combined electrode and valve moves intoopen position, a passage is provided which gradually increases in sizefrom the inlet end to the base or outlet end and hence the generatedheated vapor readily expands and passes' as a conical sheet of flameinto the working chamber of the cylinder.

1t will further. be noticed that by the conical members 25 and 26 actingas a vaporizer, the burning fuel in the working chamber of the cylinderis properly distributed. Thus the device may be used` as a substitutefor the sprayer or atomizer used in the Diesel type of internalcombustion engine. In the case when the fuel feeding the engine is inthe form of gas, orany other combustible mixture, for example,compressed air carrying atomized crude oil, then heating and vaporizingthe fuel is dispensed with and the cones may be made small Vand thepassage for the fluid wider.

In the modified form shown in Figs. 5 and 6. the body 100 is held in abore 101 by bolts 102 engaging a fla-nge 103 and ioo screwing inthecylinder head 104 of the engine cylinder. The cylinder head 104 isprovided with a gas inlet 105 connected with a suitable source of gassupply. The lower .end of the body 100 is formed into a conical combinedelectrode and valve seat 106 on which is normally seated a combinedelectrode the body 100 provides a chamber 113 in communication with theinlet 105 and leading to the ,combined electrode and valve seat 106.Onthe upper end of the sleeve 109 is secured a contact 115 connected byan electric circuit wire 116 with a source of electrical energyconnected withthe cylinder the same as previously explained, whereby thecombined electrode and valve Seat 106 and the combined electrode andvalve 107 are normally in the closed circuit. A spring 117 is seated atits lower end on a collar 118 attached to the upper end of the sleeve109 and the upper end of the spring 117 bears on a collar 119 abuttingagainst a pin 120 attached to the upper end of the valve stem 108tonormaily hold the combined electrode and valve 107 in closed position,that is, in contact with the combined electrode and valve seat 106. Inthis case the electric heater is dispensed with and the gas underpressure passing through the inlet 105 acts on the combined electrodeand valve 107 to move the latter into open position, as shown in Fig. 6.When this takes place, a passage and spark gap 121 is formed by thepassage of the gas into the cylinder and for igniting said gas by thespark at the spark gap 121.

In the modified form shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the body 130 is held in theopening 131 formed in the head or wall 132 of the cylinder of aninternal combustion engine and the said head is fastened in place bybolts 133 engaging a iange 134 formed on the body 130. On the lower endof the body 130 screws a retaining nut 135 supporting a disk-shapedelectrode 136 having a central opening 137 in register with a centralopening 138 formed in a disk 139 of mica or other similar material. Theopening 138 registers with an opening 140 formed in a tubular electrode141 held in a sleeve 142 of porcelain or other suitable material andresting on the electrode 136 with a washer 143 interposed Vbetween thelower end of the sleeve 139 and the electrode 136 to insure perfectinsulation between the electrodes 136 and 141. The electrode 141 isprovided with a valve seat 145 controlled. by a needle valve 146extending centrally throughthe electrode 141 and through a tube 147screwing in the upper end of the electrode 141. The tube147 `is providedwith an. inlet 148 connected with a source of liquid fuel supply. Theneedle valve'1'46 is provided above the inlet 148 with an enlargedportion 150 extending into a cap llcontaining a spring 152 bearing withits lower end `on a collar 153 secured tothe top of the enlarged portion150 of the needle valve 146 to `hold the latter normally to its seat145. The upper end of the spring 152 bearsagainst a disk 154 arranged ona screw rod 155 provided with a nut 156 engaging a contact 157 of anelectric circuit wire 158 connected with a source of electrical energy`electrically connected with the cylinder` head .132,v the same as abovedescribed in reference to the device shown in Figs. 1 to 4. It will benoticed' that the iiuid passing into the tube 147 exerts an upwardpressure on the enlargement 150 thus' lifting theneedle valve 146against the tension :of the spring 152. The needle valve 146 is thusmoved off its seat 145 to allow the liquid to pass, through theregistering openings 140, 138 and 137 and to be ignited bythe sparkpassing from the electrode 141 to the electrode 136 (see Fig. 8). Inthis type of electrical vaporizer and burner use is preferably made ofan alternating current transformed into a high tension current to`produce the desired annular spark at the spark gap. By the use of themica washer the spark is'concentrated and hence rendered exceedinglyetlicient. i It is understood that the Jfuel is readily vaporized onreaching the passage and spark gapy and ignited at this point.

In the modied formv shown in Figs. 9 and head 161`and its lower end 162is coneshaped and provided with openings 163 tor the passage of thevapors into the cylinder. In the bottom of the body 160 screws anelectrode 164,.the apex of which is in register with an aperture 165formed in a tubular electrode 166 held in a sleeve 167 `formed ofporcelain or other material and fitted into the body 160. The electrode166 is-provided with a valve seat 170 normally closed byY a needle valve171 extending centrally through the electrode 166 and through acorrugated tube 172 screwed to the. upper end of the electrode 166 andscrewed into a sleeve 173 held on toplof the sleeve 167 and fastened inplace by a retaining member 174 fastened in place by a nut 175 screwingon the upper end of the body 160. The needle valve 171 extends throughthe sleeve 17 3 and connects at its upper end with a nut 17 6 seated ontop ofthe sleeve 17 3. A nipple 177 screws on the upper end of thesleeve 173 and is connected with a suitable source of liquid fuelsupply. Normally the needle valve 171 is in closed position butfwhen afluid under pressure is passed through the nipple 177 and into thesleeve 173 and through the tube 172 i into the electrode 166 then thepressure in the the cone-shaped electrode 164 to spread the liquid fueland to ignite the same by the spark passing from the electrode 166 totheelectrodeljt (see F ig. 10). A i

From' the foregoing it will be seen that the electrical vaporizer andburner readily vaporizes the liquid fuel and ignites the same at itsentrance into the working chamber, it being understood that sufficientair is present in the cylinder to insure full combustion.

It will further be noticed that any desired amount of fuel may be burnedin the working chamber especially as the fuel does not depend on aspecified proportion of hydrocarbon and air as is the case withcarbureters. Furthermore, the burning of the vapor does not depend onthe heat of Acompression as is the case in the Diesel engine. Inconsequence of that the engine supplied with this apparatus is able torun very slowly.

By the use `of the described apparatus the injection of `the Vvapor intothe working chamber is produced by the pressure at which the liquidVfuel is forced to the combination passage and spark gap and hence anair compressor for atomizing the fuel is not necessary.

Braking, stopping and reversing of theA engine when run at full speedmay be accomf plished by producing successive counter-explosions in theVcylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke. The desiredefficiency'is obtained as the combustion of the vaporized fuel proceedsrapidly and energetically on entering the cylinder. h

It may be noticed that the apparatus may -be used instead of the hotbulbs on the surface-ignition engines, as it performs the functionofthese hot bulbs to vaporize an ignite the fuel. Y

VThe cost of maintaining the electric circuit is comparatively smallowing to the fact that very little heat is required for vaporization ofthe liquid fuel.

Both high and low tension circuits may be used. i

`Having thus described i' my invention, I`

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. An electricvaporizer and burner, comprising an electric circuit, circularelectrodes in the said circuit'and forming an annular sparkgap andpassage between them, and means normally closing the passage and adaptedto be opened by the pressure of the fluid to allow the latter to flowthrough the passage and to be ignited by the annular spark. 2. Anelectrlcvaporlzer and burner,com

prising an electric circuit, normally contacting electrodes in the saidcircuit and mov-` able one relative to the other to form a pas.`

sage for a Huid between the electrodes and tok provide a spark gap forignition ofthe fluid` as it leaves the passage, and feeding means forfeeding a fluid under pressure between the electrodes to move Vthe sameapart for forming the aforesaid passage and providing the aforesaidspark gap to ignitethe fiuid on leavingthe passage.

3. An electrical vaporizer and burner, comprising an electric circuit,'inormally contacting electrodes inthe said circuit, the

saidelectrodes being movable one relative to the other to providev aspark gap, heating means for heating the electrodes, and means forfeeding a combustible fluid between the electrodes to move the ysameapart for the` passage `of the fluid and for forming a spark gapto'ignitethe fiuid` as it'leaves the electrodes. Y Y n y 4. AnAelectrical vaporizer and burner, comprising an electriccircuit,normally contactingV electrodes in the said circuit and movableone relative to the other to form a passage between the electrodes andto provide aA spark gap', electricalheating meansin the said circuit andconnected with one of the electrodes to heat the same, and feeding meansfor feeding a combustible fiuid under pressure between the heatedelectrodes to open the latter, to allow the fluid to pass through thepassage between the electrodes to becomeheated and finally ignited `bythe spark at the spark gap. f

5. An electrical vaporizer and burner, comprising an electric circuit,apair of coacting electrodes in the saidIcircuit, one of said electrodesbeing in the form of a valve seat, a valve normally seated on the saidvalve seat, an electric heater for the said valve seat and in the saidcircuit,and means for feeding a fluid under pressure against the valveto open the latter to provide a spark gap to allow the fluid to passbetween the valve and valve seat to be heated thereby and to be ignitedon leaving the valve by the sparks between fthe electrodes.

i 6. An electrical vaporizer. and burner for internal combustionengines, comprising a body attached to the cylinder of an internalcombustion engine, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve seat heldinsulated on the said body, a cone-shaped combined elec'- trode andvalve normally seated on the said combined electrode and valve seat, andmeans feeding aV fluid under pressure onto the apeX end of the said`combined electrode and valve to open the latter and thereby provide apassage for the fluid andto provide a spark gap at the edges of thevalve and valve seat for igniting the fluid passing throuvh the passage.

7 n electrical vaporizer and burner for internal combustion engines,comprising a body attached to the cylinder of an internal combustionengine, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve seat held insulatedon the said body, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve normallyseated on the said combined electrode and valve seat, a stem carryingthe said combined electrode and valve, a spring pressing the said stemto normally hold the combined electrode and valve in closed position,and means feeding a fluid under pressure onto the apex end of the saidcombined electrode and valve to open the latter and thereby provide apassage for the fluid and to provide a spark gap at the edges of thevalve "and valve seat for igniting the fluid passing through thepassage.

8. An electrical vaporizer and burner for internal combustion engines,comprising a body attached to the cylinder of an internal combustionengine, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve seat held insulatedon the said body, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve normallyseated on the said combined electrode and valve seat, a stem carryingthe said combined electrode and valve, a sprin pressing the said stem, atube held insu ated on the said body and through which extends the saidtube to form a passage for a fluid leading to the apex end of the saidinclined electrode and valve, and a feed pipe connected with the saidtube to feed a fluid under pressure to the tube.

9. An electrical vaporizer and burner for internal combustion engines,comprising a body attached to the cylinder of an internalcombustion-engine, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valve seat heldinsulated on the said body, a cone-shaped combined electrode and valvenormally seated on the said combined electrode and valve seat, a stemcarrying the said combined electrode and valve, a spring pressing thesaid stem, a tube held insulated on the said body and through whichextends the said tube to form a passage for a fluid leading to the apexend of the said inclined electrode and valve, a feed pipe connected withthe said tube to feed a fluid under pressure to the tube, an electricalheater mounted on the said combined electrode and valve seat, and anelectrical circuit containing the said heater, the said combinedelectrode and valve seat and the said combined electrode and valve.

NICHOLAS D. BELINSKI.

